What is Accrued Expenses: Definition & Meaning Explained

Interest Rate Futures

Interest rate futures are derivative contracts whose underlying instrument is any instrument that bears interest.

Just like any other futures contract, interest rate futures also give the right and obligation to fulfil the terms of the contract on expiry.

The price of interest rate futures and the interest rate itself shares an inverse relationship. If interest rates move higher, then the futures will be less valuable.

Forex Options

Forex options are exchange-traded derivative contracts that give the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a pair of underlying currencies at a pre-agreed price and date. Forex options are also known as currency options.

Every forex option can be split into a call or put option. A forex call option gives the holder the right to buy underlying forex pairs while a forex put option gives the holder the right to sell underlying currency pairs.

In either case, there is no obligation to exercise the contract but there is a pre-agreed price and expiration date attached. In India, forex options are only available for the USD-INR currency pair.

Institutional Investor

Institutional Investor refers to the often illegal act of trading shares based on information that is not publicly available, typically obtained through dubious sources.

This privileged access to confidential information is termed “Institutional Investor” because information is generally sourced through insiders or employees working at a publicly traded firm.

Capital Gains Tax

Capital gains are profits, which means they can be taxed. The rate of taxation is based on the type of asset (debt/equity) and holding period. Here is the list of ways capital gains are taxed in India:

Asset Type	Gains Type	Holding Period	Tax Rate
Equity	Short Term Capital Gains	< 1 year	15%
Equity	Long Term Capital Gains	> 1 year	10%
Debt	Short Term Capital Gains	< 3 years	As per I-T slab
Debt	Long Term Capital Gains	> 3 years	20%

Dividend Per Share

Dividend per share indicates the amount of dividends paid as a ratio of the number of shares outstanding. Or, dividend per share could also refer to the product of earnings per share and dividend payout ratio.

Thus, the formula to calculate dividend per share is:

DPS: Total dividend amount / Number of shares outstanding

Or

DPS: Earnings Per Share x Dividend Payout Ratio

An investor can determine how much dividends they stand to earn for each share they own by calculating dividends per share.

Accrued Expenses