What is Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR): Definition & Meaning Explained

Intrinsic Value Of Share

Intrinsinc value of a share is the actual value of a stock, not the value at which it is trading in the secondary market. There are multiple ways to calculate the intrinsic value of a share. The most common method include discounted cash flow while adjusting the time value of money to calculate the present value of the stock is also a popular method.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share or EPS refers to the amount of profit that a company generates per outstanding share it has in the stock market. It is calculated by dividing the net income of a company by its shares outstanding.

Formula to calculate Earnings Per Share: Net Income / Number of Outsanding Shares

Generally, dividends distributed to preferred shareholders are deducted from the net income for EPS calculations. The EPS of a company can thus indicate whether or not it is generating enough profit. It can also be used as a valuation metric.

Government Bonds

Government bonds are debt instruments that allow the central banks to raise capital to finance operations. The types of government bonds are:

Treasury Bills
Fixed Rate Bonds
Floating Rate Bonds
State Development Loans
Sovereign Gold Bonds
Zero Coupon Bonds

Every government bond has a credit rating that’s based on the financial health of the country. The government is the apex institution of any country, which is why their credit rating is the high.

In India, you’ll notice government bonds with the credit rating SOV. This is known as a sovereign rating.

Derivatives Trading

Derivatives trading means buying and selling derivatives contracts like futures, options, swaps, and forwards either on an exchange or over the counter.

Trading derivatives means trading contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset like stocks, commodities, currencies, indexes, interest rates, and more.

The buyer of the contract can decide to take delivery to the underlying asset or offset it with an opposite contract.

Equity Trading

Equity trading refers to the buying and selling of equity shares on the primary and secondary market, either through a stock exchange or over the counter. Trading equity is done in many ways.

Some equity traders square-off their positions within one trading day. This is called intraday equity trading. Others look to ride price swings across days, weeks, or months. This is known as swing equity trading.

An individual who wants to engage in equity trading will need to open a trading & demat account. The charge for opening an equity trading account varies but the process is relatively simple.

Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)