What is Lump Sum: Definition & Meaning Explained

Comparable Company Analysis

Comparable Company Analysis (CCA) is a method used to evaluate a company’s value by comparing its essential metrics like EBIT, EBITA, and more with other companies.

The underlying assumption of CCA or “Comps” is that publicly traded companies from the same sector or industry will have similar metrics that are comparable.

Book Value

Book value of an asset is what you get by subtracting its accumulated depreciation from the original cost of the asset.

That’s why book value is referred to as the Net Asset Value (NAV) in the UK.

For a company, the book value is its total assets subtracted by liabilities, intangible assets and/or goodwill.

High Volatility Stocks

High volatility stocks are shares that fluctuate based on market conditions, typically more than others. The volatility could be a result of inherent fundamentals or other factors like the industry or domain. Identifying high volatility stocks is possible through indicators like Average True Range and Bollinger Bands.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP)

A Dividend Reinvestment Plan is a feature where an investor can reinvest the dividends they earn to buy additional shares or units of a mutual fund, either fractional or whole.

Stocks and mutual funds offer Dividend Reinvestment Plans. As a result of reinvesting dividends, investors can add more money to their existing holdings for better compounding. That said, dividends that are reinvested are taxable.

Fair Value

The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.

Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.

The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:

Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D

Where,

Cash = Latest stock or index value

r = interest rate on purchase

x = number of days to contract expiry

Dividend = Dividends

The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.

However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.

Face Value

The term face value refers to the actual price of a stock that’s obtained by dividing a company’s net value by its total shares outstanding. In India, the face value of shares can range from Rs. 1 to Rs. 100.

However, the market value of the share may vary. At times, the difference can be drastic. For example, the face value of an MRF share is Rs. 10 but the market value (LTP) of the same share is Rs. 86,313.45.

Face value is also known as nominal value or par value. The latter is used frequently in the case of bonds.

The face value of a bond is the amount that an investor receives from the issuer on maturity. Similar to stocks, bonds and other fixed income instruments may have a different face value and market value.

Lump Sum