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Foreign Direct Investment

Definition of Foreign Direct Investment

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the act of acquiring a majority stake in a company located in a different country with the intention of assisting, growing, and managing the business.

FDIs and FPIs may seem similar but there is a major difference - lasting interest. When a company or investor obtains at least 10% control of foreign company with the intention of actively managing the business, it’s known as lasting interest.

A company that establishes a subsidiary in another country can also be classified as FDI. FDIs can also be made through mergers and acquisitions as well as collaborations with foreign companies

Related Terms

Commodity Exchange

A commodity exchange is a marketplace where commodities and related derivative contracts are standardized and traded. The commodity exchange can be split into these sub-markets:

  • Derivatives market: this is where commodity exchanges allow futures, options, forwards, and other derivatives to be traded
  • Spot market: this is where commodity exchanges allow buying and selling of commodities in real-time (on the spot), including cash contracts

In India, there are 4 commodity exchanges that are popular and widely turned to:

  • Indian Commodity Exchange (ICEX)
  • Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX)
  • National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX)
  • National Multi Commodity Exchange of India (NMCX)

Within these exchanges, the most commonly traded commodities include:

  • Crude oil
  • Coffee
  • Corn
  • Cotton
  • Gold
  • Natural gas
  • Silver
  • Sugar
  • Wheat

Back Months

“Back months” is used to refer to futures contracts that have a delivery date that’s due far into the future. Back months is generally known to be a popular term in commodity trading.

Commodity Options

A commodity option is a contract that gives the buyer or seller the right but not the obligation to execute a trade for a commodity like copper, cotton, zinc, and others at a pre-agreed price and date. Commodity options are derivative contracts that require a trader to pay a premium in order to secure the “option”.

Free Cash Flow

In accounting and earnings reports, free cash flow refers to the amount of money a company has after paying its maintenance expenses, salaries, utility expenses, and other operating expenses as well as capital expenditures.

The formula to calculate free cash flow: Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures

Free cash flow is an important metric, especially for investors because it is a direct indicator of the financial competence of a company. For example, the amount of FCF a company has can decide whether it has enough cash to offer dividends, expand business, buy back shares, etc.

Dividend Stripping

Dividend stripping is a strategy of buying a company’s stock days before it announces a dividend and then selling the same stock at a lower price once the current holder is entitled to get the dividend previously announced.

The resulting loss in capital gains is generally offset by the profits from dividends. Dividend stripping was once non-taxable, which made the strategy lucrative for smart investors. However, dividends in India are now subject to tax.

Irredeemable Debentures

Irredeemable debentures are debt instruments that can not be sold unless the company is sold or shuts up shop. Those who hold irredeemable debentures will be paid an interest as long as the company operates its business.



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