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Finance GlossaryBacktesting
Backtesting
Definition of Backtesting
Backtesting means simulating trading strategies and models using historical data to understand whether they are effective.
In many ways, backtesting is considered to be an important part of crafting trading strategies that work.
If backtesting leads to positive results, then the trading strategy or model may be viable.
In many ways, backtesting is considered to be an important part of crafting trading strategies that work.
If backtesting leads to positive results, then the trading strategy or model may be viable.
Related Terms
Anchoring and Adjustment
Anchoring is a bias that drives people to make decisions that are based on (anchored to) pre-existing notions, ideas, and suggestions that may or may not be true.
Adjustments around anchoring are common as it becomes a starting point for many when it comes to decision-making.
For example, someone is anchored to a financial model or strategy. They may choose to use the anchor in situations where it may not fit and as a result, may end up getting an unfavorable outcome.
Adjustments around anchoring are common as it becomes a starting point for many when it comes to decision-making.
For example, someone is anchored to a financial model or strategy. They may choose to use the anchor in situations where it may not fit and as a result, may end up getting an unfavorable outcome.
EBITDA MARGIN
EBITDA margin is the ratio of Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA) by revenue, represented as a percentage. It is used to understand whether a company is profitable and as a valuation technique.
The formula to calculate EBITDA margin is: EBITDA Margin = (EBITDA/Revenue)*100
Just like EBITDA, the EBITDA margin also excludes non-cash expenses. That’s why a positive EBITDA margin doesn’t necessarily mean that a company is profitable.
The formula to calculate EBITDA margin is: EBITDA Margin = (EBITDA/Revenue)*100
Just like EBITDA, the EBITDA margin also excludes non-cash expenses. That’s why a positive EBITDA margin doesn’t necessarily mean that a company is profitable.
Capital Gains
A capital gain is a profit an investor or trader earns by selling shares, commodities, futures, options, currencies, and other assets. More literally, a profit is a gain on the capital that’s invested - hence the term capital gains.
Say someone buys a share for Rs. 1000 and sells it for Rs. 1100. The capital gains will be Rs. 100 in this case. The taxation of capital gains varies based on the asset type and the duration after which it was sold.
Say someone buys a share for Rs. 1000 and sells it for Rs. 1100. The capital gains will be Rs. 100 in this case. The taxation of capital gains varies based on the asset type and the duration after which it was sold.
EBITDA
EBITDA is short for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. EBITDA allows investors to understand cash flow from all operations while excluding certain non-cash expenses related to interest, depreciation, amortization, and taxes.
That’s why investors use EBITDA as a valuation technique to determine the profitability of a company. Interestingly, EBITDA is a variation of operating income which is known as EBIT.
While there are many ways to calculate EBITDA, the most common methods include:
1) EBITDA = Net Income + Taxes + Interest + Depreciation + Amortization 2) EBITDA = Operating Income + Depreciation & Amortization
That’s why investors use EBITDA as a valuation technique to determine the profitability of a company. Interestingly, EBITDA is a variation of operating income which is known as EBIT.
While there are many ways to calculate EBITDA, the most common methods include:
1) EBITDA = Net Income + Taxes + Interest + Depreciation + Amortization 2) EBITDA = Operating Income + Depreciation & Amortization
Forex Options
Forex options are exchange-traded derivative contracts that give the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a pair of underlying currencies at a pre-agreed price and date. Forex options are also known as currency options.
Every forex option can be split into a call or put option. A forex call option gives the holder the right to buy underlying forex pairs while a forex put option gives the holder the right to sell underlying currency pairs.
In either case, there is no obligation to exercise the contract but there is a pre-agreed price and expiration date attached. In India, forex options are only available for the USD-INR currency pair.
Every forex option can be split into a call or put option. A forex call option gives the holder the right to buy underlying forex pairs while a forex put option gives the holder the right to sell underlying currency pairs.
In either case, there is no obligation to exercise the contract but there is a pre-agreed price and expiration date attached. In India, forex options are only available for the USD-INR currency pair.
Futures Expiry
Futures expiry is the date on which the derivative contract’s terms and conditions must be fulfilled. Alternatively, it’s the day on or before which the trader must square-off their futures contract to avoid delivery. In India, futures expire on the final Thursday of the expiry month.
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