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Bottom Line in Finance
Definition of Bottom Line in Finance
Bottom line in finance is used to refer to a company’s crucial metrics like earnings, profits, net profits, earnings per share (EPS), and others.
Any move or action that can impact a company’s profit or net profit in a positive or negative direction is also referred to as the bottom line.
“Bottom line” is called such because the crucial metrics of a company are generally found at the bottom of a financial statement.
Any move or action that can impact a company’s profit or net profit in a positive or negative direction is also referred to as the bottom line.
“Bottom line” is called such because the crucial metrics of a company are generally found at the bottom of a financial statement.
Related Terms
Blue Chip Stocks
Blue chip stocks are shares of iconic companies in India that have been leaders of their respective industries for years, if not decades, and have a stellar yet consistent business track record. Example of blue chip stocks in India are: HDFC Bank, TCS, Reliance Industries, Hindustan Unilever, Infosys etc.
Fair Value
The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Assets And Liabilities
An asset is something that has monetary value and can generate profits in the future while a liability is a debt that’s repayable immediately or in the future. Assets are owned whereas liabilities as owed.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share or EPS refers to the amount of profit that a company generates per outstanding share it has in the stock market. It is calculated by dividing the net income of a company by its shares outstanding.
Formula to calculate Earnings Per Share: Net Income / Number of Outsanding Shares
Generally, dividends distributed to preferred shareholders are deducted from the net income for EPS calculations. The EPS of a company can thus indicate whether or not it is generating enough profit. It can also be used as a valuation metric.
Formula to calculate Earnings Per Share: Net Income / Number of Outsanding Shares
Generally, dividends distributed to preferred shareholders are deducted from the net income for EPS calculations. The EPS of a company can thus indicate whether or not it is generating enough profit. It can also be used as a valuation metric.
Advance Payment Guarantee/Bond
An Advance Payment Guarantee or Advance Payment Guarantee Bond is a contract issued by a third party willing to take responsibility for fulling the terms of an agreement or payments owed by one party to another.
The guarantee could be:
- Primary: Indemnity (fulling payments)
- Secondary: Guarantee (assuring that the outcome will be met)
Alpha
An Alpha indicates the measure by which a stock or portfolio has managed to outperform a benchmark like an index of shares.
A positive Alpha means that the security or portfolio is beating the market while a negative Alpha means that it is lagging.
Alpha can also be used to measure the competence of a fund manager and their strategies.
A positive Alpha means that the security or portfolio is beating the market while a negative Alpha means that it is lagging.
Alpha can also be used to measure the competence of a fund manager and their strategies.
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