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Backtesting
Definition of Backtesting
Backtesting means simulating trading strategies and models using historical data to understand whether they are effective.
In many ways, backtesting is considered to be an important part of crafting trading strategies that work.
If backtesting leads to positive results, then the trading strategy or model may be viable.
In many ways, backtesting is considered to be an important part of crafting trading strategies that work.
If backtesting leads to positive results, then the trading strategy or model may be viable.
Related Terms
Annual Net Profit Margin
A Net Profit Margin is the ratio of a company’s net profits to revenues. The formula to calculate Net Profit Margin is:
Net Profit Margin = Net Profit* / Revenue * 100
*Net profit = Revenue - Cost of goods - Operating Cost - Other Expenses - Interest - Taxes
Net Profit Margin is expressed as a percentage, which means that you can compare the financial health of multiple companies.
A company can use its Net Profit Margin to understand whether its strategies and business models are effective.
Net Profit Margin = Net Profit* / Revenue * 100
*Net profit = Revenue - Cost of goods - Operating Cost - Other Expenses - Interest - Taxes
Net Profit Margin is expressed as a percentage, which means that you can compare the financial health of multiple companies.
A company can use its Net Profit Margin to understand whether its strategies and business models are effective.
Cash Market
A cash market is a place where assets, goods, and services are bought and sold on the spot. That’s why it is also known as the “spot market”.
A stock market exchange like NSE or BSE is an example of a cash market as trades are settled on the spot at the spot price. Derivatives like futures are not a part of the cash market are trades are settled in the future.
A stock market exchange like NSE or BSE is an example of a cash market as trades are settled on the spot at the spot price. Derivatives like futures are not a part of the cash market are trades are settled in the future.
Gamma
Gamma is a mathematical formula used to measure the change in the delta of an options contract price.
Delta is the change in the price of an options contract in relation to the underlying asset’s price.
In simple terms, gamma can be called as the change of the change. The formula to calculate gamma of an options contract is: Γ = ∂2V/∂S2
Delta is the change in the price of an options contract in relation to the underlying asset’s price.
In simple terms, gamma can be called as the change of the change. The formula to calculate gamma of an options contract is: Γ = ∂2V/∂S2
Equities
The term equities can be used to describe two different things. First, equities refers to stocks held by shareholders. Equities of this type represent residual ownership or stake in a company.
Second, equities are the amount of money shareholders shall receive in the event that a company is liquidated. In such a case, the equities will be calculated by subtracting the total debt from total assets.
Dividend Yield
A dividend yield is a ratio of dividends paid per share by the latest share price, expressed as a percentage. It is used to understand how much dividends a company pays per share outstanding. The formula to calculate dividend yields is:
Dividend Yield: Dividend Per Share / Current Shar Price
A high dividend yield indicates a company’s willingness to redistribute more profits to shareholders, while a low dividend yield signals the opposite.
Dividend Yield: Dividend Per Share / Current Shar Price
A high dividend yield indicates a company’s willingness to redistribute more profits to shareholders, while a low dividend yield signals the opposite.
Leverage In Stock Market
Leverage is a loan that a broker offers to allow traders to take up bigger positions by paying lesser capital. This feature is known as Margin Trading Facility (MTF) or simply margin funding. Leverage is often represented as a multiple like 2x, 3x, 4x, and so on. For example, getting 4x leverage on a trade worth ₹1,00,000 means you’ll pay ₹25,000 and the broker will cover the rest of the ₹75,000.
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