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Discounted Cash Flow

Definition of Discounted Cash Flow

Discounted cash flow is a method of valuing a company in the present based on future cash flows. An investment may be profitable in the present if the discounted cash flow is above the current cost of investing.

The formula to calculate discounted cash flows is:

DCF = Cash Flow Year 1 / (1+r1)^1 + Cash Flow Year 2 / (1+r2)^2 + Cash Flow Year N / (1+r)^n

Related Terms

Liquidity Ratio

The Liquidity Ratio is a tool in financial analysis for measuring a company’s ability to fulfil short-term debt obligations without the need to secure external financing. The key term here is liquidity.

Equity Share Capital

The total amount of money that is raised by a company through the issuance of shares is known as equity share capital. Shares issued could be classified as common or preferred shares, both of which are a part of the equity share capital.

In general, share capital is known to be the money raised by issuing shares. Companies have the option of raising more equity share capital by issuing additional shares through a Follow on Public Offer (FPO) or other financing methods.

Call Option

A call option is a type of derivative contract that gives the right but not the obligation to buy an underlying asset like shares, commodities, currencies, and others at a pre-agreed price and date.

There are three components to a call option:

  • Premium: the price paid to buy a call option
  • Strike price: the pre-agreed price of the underlying asset
  • Expiration date: the day after which the option contract will be worthless

Follow On Public Offer

A Follow On Public Offer or FPO allows a publicly traded company to issue more stock to public investors. FPOs are similar to IPOs because FPOs allow companies to raise additional capital through the public market.

For an FPO to be possible, a company must have already done an IPO. FPO shares are typically issued at a discount by a company whose track record is already clear because they are publicly traded.

Derivative

A derivative is a financial contract that is designed to derive its value from a single or group of underlying assets, generally between two parties or more. It contains a pre-agreed date of delivery and price.

The most common examples of a derivative contract are:

  • Futures
  • Options
  • Forwards
  • Swaps

A derivative can be bought and sold on an exchange or over the counter. Since derivatives derive value from underlying assets, their price is known to fluctuate when the underlying asset gains or loses value.

Deferred Tax Liability

A deferred tax liability is line item on a company’s balance sheet that refers to taxes that owed but due in the future. Common examples of deferred tax liabilities include:

  • Paying less tax
  • Sales in instalments



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