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Finance GlossaryBonds
Bonds
Definition of Bonds
Bonds are fixed income securities issued in exchange for a loan, generally by governments and corporations. A bond will generate a fixed interest rate on top of the principal across a fixed time period.
A bond market is a place where bonds are issued, bought, and sold. Bonds are issued in exchange for a loan generally by governments and corporations.
The quality of a bond can be understood by its credit rating, which is nothing but the creditworthiness of the company issuing it. The best bonds in India are known to have the following credit rating:
The quality of a bond can be understood by its credit rating, which is nothing but the creditworthiness of the company issuing it. The best bonds in India are known to have the following credit rating:
- SOV: Only for government bonds
- AAA: Highest
- AA+: High-medium
- A+: Upper-medium
- BBB+: Lower-medium
- BB+: Speculative
- B+: Highlight speculative
- CCC+: Risky
- CC: Extremely risky
Related Terms
Accumulation/Distribution Indicator (A/D)
An Accumulation/Distribution Indicator is used to figure out the trend of a stock based on the relationship between the price and volume. There are two parts to the name Accumulation Distribution Indicator:
- Accumulation: Denotes demand or the buying levels of a particular stock
- Distribution: Denotes the supply or the selling levels of a particular stock
Long story short, A/D tells you whether a stock is facing buying or selling pressure. A rising A/D depicts an upward trend while a falling A/D depicts a downward trend.
Box Spread
A box spread is a trading strategy that involves buying a bull call spread and a matching bear put spread. The components of a box spread are designed as so:
- Bull call spread : two call options with a lower and upper strike price
- Bear put spread : buying and selling puts at different strike prices of the same underlying asset with the same expiration
Book Value
Book value of an asset is what you get by subtracting its accumulated depreciation from the original cost of the asset.
That’s why book value is referred to as the Net Asset Value (NAV) in the UK.
For a company, the book value is its total assets subtracted by liabilities, intangible assets and/or goodwill.
That’s why book value is referred to as the Net Asset Value (NAV) in the UK.
For a company, the book value is its total assets subtracted by liabilities, intangible assets and/or goodwill.
Alpha
An Alpha indicates the measure by which a stock or portfolio has managed to outperform a benchmark like an index of shares.
A positive Alpha means that the security or portfolio is beating the market while a negative Alpha means that it is lagging.
Alpha can also be used to measure the competence of a fund manager and their strategies.
A positive Alpha means that the security or portfolio is beating the market while a negative Alpha means that it is lagging.
Alpha can also be used to measure the competence of a fund manager and their strategies.
Draft Offer Document
A draft offer document is the preliminary version of the IPO document that a company must file with SEBI 21 days before submitting the actual IPO document. The draft offer document is open to the public for comments during the 21 -day period. SEBI may suggest changes to the draft offer document in this period.
Market Out Clause
Market Out Clause is a provision in a contract that allows a party, usually an underwriter or buyer, to withdraw from or renegotiate a deal if major market conditions change suddenly. It protects parties from unexpected events like market crashes, extreme volatility, or economic shocks that could significantly affect the value or feasibility of the transaction.
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