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Equity Capital Markets

Definition of Equity Capital Markets

Equity capital markets (ECMs) are a place where companies raise money by offering equity shares to financial firms, institutional investors, and retail investors.

Fund raising of this kind is often done through private placements or Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the primary market, which is a part of the ECM. The biggest IPOs in India are all part of the ECM.

The equity capital market is also a place where shares, futures, options, and other financial instruments are traded. This part of the ECM is known as the secondary market. The stock market is a popular example of an ECM.

Related Terms

Fair Value

The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.

Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.

The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:

Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D

Where,

Cash = Latest stock or index value

r = interest rate on purchase

x = number of days to contract expiry

Dividend = Dividends

The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.

However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.

Defensive Stock

A defensive stock refers to the shares of iconic companies that generate stable and consistent returns and dividends, regardless of the market conditions.

Defensive stocks are rare because companies that have defense against every market condition are rare.

While defensive stocks may not generate high returns, they are known to add stability and defense against declining economic conditions. In India, stock of ITC Limited is an example of a defensive stock.

Intraday Trading

Intraday trading refers to the buying and selling of financial instruments within the same day. There is no delivery involved in intraday trading as a result. Equity shares are the most popular instrument for intraday day but commodity options and forex futures trading also make it to the list.

Intrinsic Value Of Share

Intrinsinc value of a share is the actual value of a stock, not the value at which it is trading in the secondary market. There are multiple ways to calculate the intrinsic value of a share. The most common method include discounted cash flow while adjusting the time value of money to calculate the present value of the stock is also a popular method.

Iron Condor

The Iron Condor is an options trading strategy wherein the trader will buy two calls and two puts each with different strike prices but the same expiration date. It is a version of the Butterfly Option Strategy. If the underlying asset averages out or in other words, closes between the middle strike prices, then the Iron Condor generates the maximum profit.

Institutional Investor

Institutional Investor refers to the often illegal act of trading shares based on information that is not publicly available, typically obtained through dubious sources.

This privileged access to confidential information is termed “Institutional Investor” because information is generally sourced through insiders or employees working at a publicly traded firm.



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