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Enterprise Value

Definition of Enterprise Value

Enterprive Value is a metric used to determine the total value of a company. It is valuation technique used by companies to understand how much money they need to pay to acquire another company.

Conversely, Enterprise Value is also used to figure out the amount of money a company can get on selling their business. To calculate the EV of a company, the total market capitalization is combined with the net debt or cash subtracted from debt. The formula to calculate Enterprise Value is:

EV = Market Capitalization + Net Debt

Or

EV = Market Capitalization + Debt - Cash

Related Terms

At The Close Or Closing Price

At the close or closing price is the last traded price of securities like stocks, ETFs, and others at the end of regular market hours.

For example, if a stock hit Rs. 4,500 at 3.30 PM (market close), then that is its price at the close also known as the closing price.

Unlike Adjusted Closing Price, at the close or closing price does not take into account price changes due to corporate actions.

Government Bonds

Government bonds are debt instruments that allow the central banks to raise capital to finance operations. The types of government bonds are:

  • Treasury Bills
  • Fixed Rate Bonds
  • Floating Rate Bonds
  • State Development Loans
  • Sovereign Gold Bonds
  • Zero Coupon Bonds

Every government bond has a credit rating that’s based on the financial health of the country. The government is the apex institution of any country, which is why their credit rating is the high.

In India, you’ll notice government bonds with the credit rating SOV. This is known as a sovereign rating.

Hedging

Hedging is a risk management technique where potential loss is offset by securing a safer, more stable trade. For example, buying stock (risky) and offsetting the risk with commodity (stable) is a common hedging practice in the securities market.

In the derivatives market, hedging is followed by merchants and businesses who want to protect against adverse price movements in commodities or currencies. They do so by entering into a futures or options contract.

Average True Range Atr

The Average True Range (ATR) is a technical indicator used to measure market volatility, typically using the average of true ranges from 14 periods that can be daily, weekly, monthly, or even intraday values.

The formula for ATR is:

ATR = Previous ATR (n - 1) + True Rangen / n

n= number of periods
True Range = The greater/highest of these:

  • High - low (Day 1)
  • Absolute value of (Day 1’s high - Day 0’s close)
  • Absolute value of (Day 1’s low - Day 0’s close)

Asset Allocation

Asset allocation is a strategy or method in which an investor decides how much money they should allocate to an investment based on their risk profile, financial goals, and other factors to maximize returns and minimize risk.

Alpha

An Alpha indicates the measure by which a stock or portfolio has managed to outperform a benchmark like an index of shares.

A positive Alpha means that the security or portfolio is beating the market while a negative Alpha means that it is lagging.

Alpha can also be used to measure the competence of a fund manager and their strategies.



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