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Equity Shares

Definition of Equity Shares

Equity shares is a term used to describe stock of a company that’s issued via an Initial Public Offer (IPO), already issued and traded on the stock market, or freshly available through a Follow on Public Offer (FPO).

For a company, the goal of issuing equity shares is to raise money while investors who buy these equity shares get perks like voting rights, dividends, and even a share of the assets in case the company is liquidated.

Related Terms

Commodity

A commodity refers to physical goods and raw materials like aluminium, cotton, copper, sugar, steel, zinc, and others. Commodities are an essential part of the day-to-day life of individuals, companies, and industries.

But they can’t be traded like stocks in India. Instead, a commodity trader will enter into either of these three contracts to secure commodities or benefit from its price fluctuations:

  • Futures contracts
  • Options contracts
  • Cash contracts

These derivative contracts are traded on commodity exchanges in India like:

  • Indian Commodity Exchange (ICEX)
  • Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX)
  • National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX)
  • National Multi Commodity Exchange of India (NMCX)

Bonds

Bonds are fixed income securities issued in exchange for a loan, generally by governments and corporations. A bond will generate a fixed interest rate on top of the principal across a fixed time period. A bond market is a place where bonds are issued, bought, and sold. Bonds are issued in exchange for a loan generally by governments and corporations.

The quality of a bond can be understood by its credit rating, which is nothing but the creditworthiness of the company issuing it. The best bonds in India are known to have the following credit rating:

  • SOV: Only for government bonds
  • AAA: Highest
  • AA+: High-medium
  • A+: Upper-medium
  • BBB+: Lower-medium
  • BB+: Speculative
  • B+: Highlight speculative
  • CCC+: Risky
  • CC: Extremely risky

Bullion

Bullion is used to refer to gold, silver, and other non-ferrous metals that have been designed to have high purity. These metals are generally molded into bars, coins, and other valuable items.

Derivative

A derivative is a financial contract that is designed to derive its value from a single or group of underlying assets, generally between two parties or more. It contains a pre-agreed date of delivery and price.

The most common examples of a derivative contract are:

  • Futures
  • Options
  • Forwards
  • Swaps

A derivative can be bought and sold on an exchange or over the counter. Since derivatives derive value from underlying assets, their price is known to fluctuate when the underlying asset gains or loses value.

Capped Style Option

Capital is the total amount of money that a trader can use to buy and sell securities. There are variations of the term, the most common one is “starting capital”. This is the amount of money a trader starts their journey with.

Iceberg Order

An Iceberg Order is used to slice and execute large orders into multiple “legs”. Large orders have the potential to drastically affect stock prices and subsequently investor behaviour.

That’s why institutional investors or traders with a relatively large buy or sell order place an Iceberg Order, thus masking their total transaction value and effectively going under the radar.

Brokers and trading platforms offer Iceberg Orders as a feature, which is activated after a certain quantity of scrips or contracts are selected, typically above 100.



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