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Future Trading

Definition of Future Trading

Futures trading is the buying and selling of futures contracts on a recognized exchange or over the counter. Futures contracts are derivatives that oblige a trader to buy or sell the underlying security at a predetermined price and date.

Trading futures is possible for equity shares, commodities, currencies, as well as interest rates. Those who trade futures are generally classified as speculators or hedgers.

Speculators trade futures to make a profit. Hedgers delve into futures trading to manage risk, which simply means protecting themselves from unfavorable movements in the market.

Related Terms

Fibonacci Retracement

A Fibonacci Retracement is a predictive technical indicator that is used to determine possible direction or trend reversal of a stock or index’s price with horizontal lines for potential support as well as resistance levels.

Fibonacci retracement in action

The logic behind tuning to a Fibonacci Retracement is the assumption that prices will reverse direction towards a previous price-level, especially after a new trend is in motion.

Comparable Company Analysis

Comparable Company Analysis (CCA) is a method used to evaluate a company’s value by comparing its essential metrics like EBIT, EBITA, and more with other companies.

The underlying assumption of CCA or “Comps” is that publicly traded companies from the same sector or industry will have similar metrics that are comparable.

Dividend Yield

A dividend yield is a ratio of dividends paid per share by the latest share price, expressed as a percentage. It is used to understand how much dividends a company pays per share outstanding. The formula to calculate dividend yields is:

Dividend Yield: Dividend Per Share / Current Shar Price

A high dividend yield indicates a company’s willingness to redistribute more profits to shareholders, while a low dividend yield signals the opposite.

Beta Coefficient

Beta coefficient is used to measure the volatility of stocks in relation to changes in the market. Basically, Beta helps investors understand the risks associated with a stock compared to the market.

The formula to calculate the Beta coefficient is:

Beta (β) = Covariance (Ri, Rm) / Variance (Rm)

Where:

  • Ri = a stock's return
  • Rm = overall market's return
  • Covariance = ups & downs of stock returns versus ups & downs of market returns
  • Variance = the difference between market returns and its average


Generally, Beta values are of four types:

  • Beta < 1.0: stock less volatile than the market
  • Beta = 1.0: stock just as volatile as the market
  • Beta > 1.0: stock more volatile than the market
  • Negative Beta: stock shares inverse relation with the market

Forward Price

The forward price is the final value at which a forward contract is exercised, that is, delivered to the buyer by the seller. It is different from the spot price of the underlying asset as it includes the cost of carry like interest rates, storage cost, and other carrying charges. The formula to calculate forward price is:

Forward price: Spot Price − Cost of Carry (storage costs, interest rate, etc)

At The Close Or Closing Price

At the close or closing price is the last traded price of securities like stocks, ETFs, and others at the end of regular market hours.

For example, if a stock hit Rs. 4,500 at 3.30 PM (market close), then that is its price at the close also known as the closing price.

Unlike Adjusted Closing Price, at the close or closing price does not take into account price changes due to corporate actions.



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