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Finance GlossaryMargin of Safety
Margin of Safety
Definition of Margin of Safety
Margin of Safety refers to the difference between a company’s intrinsic value and its market price. For example, if a stock’s intrinsic value is ₹100 and it trades at ₹70, then the ₹30 difference is the margin of safety.
Related Terms
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements on a scale of 0-100. Readings above 70 signal overbought conditions, suggesting potential reversals, while below 30 indicates oversold levels. Traders use 14-period RSI to identify entry/exit points and confirm trends in stocks or indices.
Hedging
Hedging is a risk management technique where potential loss is offset by securing a safer, more stable trade. For example, buying stock (risky) and offsetting the risk with commodity (stable) is a common hedging practice in the securities market.
In the derivatives market, hedging is followed by merchants and businesses who want to protect against adverse price movements in commodities or currencies. They do so by entering into a futures or options contract.
In the derivatives market, hedging is followed by merchants and businesses who want to protect against adverse price movements in commodities or currencies. They do so by entering into a futures or options contract.
Book Entry Securities
Book entry securities are financial instruments like stocks, bonds, ETFs, and others whose ownership is recorded and tracked electronically. Book building is the process of determining the potential issue price of a financial instrument based on investor demand, generally during an IPO.
For context, there was a time when physical ownership certificates were issued. If someone wanted to sell their shares, they’d have to present the ownership certificate and get it transferred to the buyer.
Book entries have made ownership certificates obsolete as they track who owns what electronically.
The trades are settled by the depository like NSDL or CSDL which sends the buyer a statement confirming ownership.
For context, there was a time when physical ownership certificates were issued. If someone wanted to sell their shares, they’d have to present the ownership certificate and get it transferred to the buyer.
Book entries have made ownership certificates obsolete as they track who owns what electronically.
The trades are settled by the depository like NSDL or CSDL which sends the buyer a statement confirming ownership.
On-Balance Volume (OBV)
On-Balance Volume (OBV) is a volume-based indicator that tracks market pressure by linking volume with price movement. Volume is accumulated when prices close higher and reduced when prices close lower, helping traders judge the strength behind a trend.
Butterfly Spread
A butterfly spread is an options strategy that combines bull and bear spreads to generate a small chunk of profit. To achieve this, a butterfly strategy consists of four positions in four options contracts that have the same expiration but different strike prices.
Red Herring Prospectus
A Red Herring Prospectus (RHP) is a preliminary offer document filed with SEBI when a company plans to go public through an IPO, outlining the company’s business, financials, risks, management, and most issue details. It does not include the final offer price or the exact number of shares being issued. It is marked with a bold red disclaimer indicating that certain key information like price and share count is incomplete or subject to change, and it helps investors assess the company before subscription. Once the offer price and share details are finalised (usually after book-building), the final prospectus with complete priced details is issued for public use.
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