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Finance GlossaryNet Asset Value (NAV)
Net Asset Value (NAV)
Definition of Net Asset Value (NAV)
Net Asset Value (NAV) indicates the value of one unit of an investment fund at a given point in time. It reflects the fund’s total assets after expenses, spread across all outstanding units, and helps investors track how the fund’s value changes from day to day.
Related Terms
Pre-IPO
Pre-IPO (or Pre-Initial Public Offering) refers to the phase of a company where it raises capital by selling its shares to private investors (such as venture capitalists, private equity firms, or institutional investors) before officially going public with an IPO. These shares are bought at a discount to the expected IPO price. Investing in pre-IPO shares is for experienced investors because the shares are illiquid and have a high risk, but have the potential for high returns if the company performs well after listing.
Off-Board Trading
Off-Board Trading refers to the buying or selling of securities outside a recognized stock exchange. These transactions are usually conducted directly between parties or through private arrangements and are not recorded on the exchange’s trading platform, making them less transparent and less regulated than on-exchange trades.
Warrant
A warrant is a financial instrument that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy a company’s shares at a predetermined price before a specific expiry date. For example, investors may receive warrants during fundraising rounds, benefiting if the company’s share price rises above the exercise price.
Equity Options
An equity option gives the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell the underyling shares at a pre-agreed price and date. Equity options are derivative contracts that derive value from underlying shares.
Every equity option comes with a lot size that specifies the total number of underlying shares the contract contains. A trade who wants to start options trading can procure the derivative contract by paying a premium.
Every equity option comes with a lot size that specifies the total number of underlying shares the contract contains. A trade who wants to start options trading can procure the derivative contract by paying a premium.
P/B Ratio (Price-to-Book)
The Price to Book (P/B) Ratio is a valuation metric used by investors to compare a company's current market price per share to its book value per share. The book value is the net asset value of the company (Total Assets - Total Liabilities). A low P/B ratio (e.g., below 1) indicates that the stock is undervalued, but it could also signal underlying issues with the company. A high P/B ratio indicates that the investors are willing to pay a premium for the net asset value of the company, often because of strong growth expectations.
Placing
Placing, or Private Placement, is a process of raising capital in which a company sells its securities (stocks or bonds) to a selected group of investors (such as banks, mutual funds, insurance companies) or high net worth individuals instead of selling them to the general public through a public offering (like an IPO). In India, companies frequently use private placement to raise funds in a short period of time from specific investors. This is a faster and less expensive process than a public issue.
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