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Finance GlossaryProspectus
Prospectus
Definition of Prospectus
A prospectus is a legal document that gives detailed disclosure about a company's financial condition, its operations, management, and the terms of a new securities offering (such as an IPO). It is mandated by regulatory bodies and must be provided to potential investors to provide them with all the information they need to make an informed investment decision. The two key parts are the preliminary prospectus (red herring prospectus) and the final prospectus.
Related Terms
Equity Shares
Equity shares is a term used to describe stock of a company that’s issued via an Initial Public Offer (IPO), already issued and traded on the stock market, or freshly available through a Follow on Public Offer (FPO).
For a company, the goal of issuing equity shares is to raise money while investors who buy these equity shares get perks like voting rights, dividends, and even a share of the assets in case the company is liquidated.
For a company, the goal of issuing equity shares is to raise money while investors who buy these equity shares get perks like voting rights, dividends, and even a share of the assets in case the company is liquidated.
Basis Of Allotment
The basis of allotment is the criteria to allocate shares to investors, most commonly during IPOs. Criteria or basis for allotment lays out the following information:
The difference between the spot and futures prices forms the “basis” for the trading strategy. Hence the name basis trading. These are the two ways in which a trader may use the basis:
The difference between the spot and futures prices forms the “basis” for the trading strategy. Hence the name basis trading. These are the two ways in which a trader may use the basis:
- Share allocation ratio
- Bids
- Demand
- Final price
The basis of allotment can vary based on the type of investor in question. Bidders during an IPO for whom a different basis of allotment applies include:
- Retail Individual Investors (RII)
- Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB)
- Non-Institutional Buyers (NIBs)
- High Net-worth Individuals (HNIs)
- Anchor Investors
Bonds
Bonds are fixed income securities issued in exchange for a loan, generally by governments and corporations. A bond will generate a fixed interest rate on top of the principal across a fixed time period.
A bond market is a place where bonds are issued, bought, and sold. Bonds are issued in exchange for a loan generally by governments and corporations.
The quality of a bond can be understood by its credit rating, which is nothing but the creditworthiness of the company issuing it. The best bonds in India are known to have the following credit rating:
The quality of a bond can be understood by its credit rating, which is nothing but the creditworthiness of the company issuing it. The best bonds in India are known to have the following credit rating:
- SOV: Only for government bonds
- AAA: Highest
- AA+: High-medium
- A+: Upper-medium
- BBB+: Lower-medium
- BB+: Speculative
- B+: Highlight speculative
- CCC+: Risky
- CC: Extremely risky
Price-to-Sales (P/S) Ratio
The Price-to-Sales (P/S) Ratio is a valuation metric that divides a company's current market capitalisation by its total sales or revenue of the last twelve months. It is used to gauge the amount investors are willing to pay for every rupee of a company's revenue. This ratio is useful when looking at companies that are not yet profitable or have volatile earnings, because revenue is often less volatile and less susceptible to accounting manipulations than earnings are. A lower P/S ratio is often thought to be more favorable.
Holding Period
The holding period of a financial security is the time period between buying and selling the said security. It is the total amount of time for which the security has been held in the portfolio of an investor. At times, there’s a mandatory holding period attached to a security. During this mandatory holding period, the security can not be sold.
Derivatives Market
The derivatives market is a place where financial contracts like futures, options, forwards, and swaps are traded. It is a complex market that is a subset of the stock market, commodity market, currency market, and others depending on the underlying asset that’s a part of the derivative contract.
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