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Finance GlossaryPut-Call Ratio
Put-Call Ratio
Definition of Put-Call Ratio
The Put-Call Ratio (PCR) is a popular sentiment indicator used by contrarian investors. It is determined by dividing the total volume of traded put options by the total volume of traded call options over a particular period. A high PCR (more puts than calls) is often seen as an overly pessimistic market, and it is a bullish signal (a sign the market is due for a rebound). On the flip side, a low PCR could be a sign of excessive optimism and a possible bearish reversal.
Related Terms
Founders Stock
The term founders stock refers to shares issued to the founders of a company. This type of stock is issued at face value and carries a vesting period, which is a lock-in period during which the shares cannot be sold.
During this period, the founders stock may not earn any returns, unless there are dividends attached to it. Founders stock is not an accounting term - it is used colloquially to denote the shares issued to founders.
During this period, the founders stock may not earn any returns, unless there are dividends attached to it. Founders stock is not an accounting term - it is used colloquially to denote the shares issued to founders.
Swap
A swap is a financial agreement between two parties. They exchange cash flows or liabilities, mostly to manage risk. Common examples of swaps include currency swaps or interest rate swaps. For instance, one party may swap a fixed interest payment for a floating one to hedge against changes in interest rates. A swap helps both parties involved manage exposure and optimize financing costs.
Zero-Coupon Bond
A zero-coupon bond is a debt instrument that does not pay periodic interest but is issued at a deep discount to its face value. Investors earn returns when the bond matures at full value, such as purchasing a ₹1,000 bond for ₹700 and receiving ₹1,000 at maturity.
Opening Range
The Opening Range is the range of trading prices (from the highest point to the lowest point) of a security in the initial period, after the market opening. In the Indian stock market (NSE and BSE), the opening period is defined as the first 15 - 30 minutes of trading. Traders, especially day traders, pay close attention to the opening range because it often sets the tone for the rest of the trading day and offers potential support and resistance levels.
Capped Style Option
Capital is the total amount of money that a trader can use to buy and sell securities. There are variations of the term, the most common one is “starting capital”. This is the amount of money a trader starts their journey with.
Forward Price
The forward price is the final value at which a forward contract is exercised, that is, delivered to the buyer by the seller. It is different from the spot price of the underlying asset as it includes the cost of carry like interest rates, storage cost, and other carrying charges. The formula to calculate forward price is:
Forward price: Spot Price − Cost of Carry (storage costs, interest rate, etc)
Forward price: Spot Price − Cost of Carry (storage costs, interest rate, etc)
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