What is Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD): Definition & Meaning Explained

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Investments

Markets

Capital Gains Tax

Capital gains are profits, which means they can be taxed. The rate of taxation is based on the type of asset (debt/equity) and holding period. Here is the list of ways capital gains are taxed in India:

Asset Type	Gains Type	Holding Period	Tax Rate
Equity	Short Term Capital Gains	< 1 year	15%
Equity	Long Term Capital Gains	> 1 year	10%
Debt	Short Term Capital Gains	< 3 years	As per I-T slab
Debt	Long Term Capital Gains	> 3 years	20%

Book Building

Book building is the process of determining the potential issue price of a financial instrument based on investor demand, generally during an IPO.

Book building is typically done by an underwriter (like an investment bank) who will invite institutional investors like hedge funds, mutual funds, and others to submit bids for the financial instrument.

These bids act as a range that the underwriter can use to fix a price that satisfies the company issuing the security and market participants.

Fair Value

The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.

Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.

The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:

Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D

Where,

Cash = Latest stock or index value

r = interest rate on purchase

x = number of days to contract expiry

Dividend = Dividends

The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.

However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.

High Volatility Stocks

High volatility stocks are shares that fluctuate based on market conditions, typically more than others. The volatility could be a result of inherent fundamentals or other factors like the industry or domain. Identifying high volatility stocks is possible through indicators like Average True Range and Bollinger Bands.

Ichimoku Cloud

Ichimoku Cloud is a group of technical indicators that’s used to understand trends, momentum, support, and resistance by calculating averages. Furthermore, the Ichimoku Cloud indicator is made up of two components:

TenkanSen: The short-term indicator
KijunSen: The long-term indicator

There’s a cloud that’s formed as a result of plotting the averages and using the components on a chart. One glance at this cloud can tell you multiple things like:

Uptrend: If the price is above the cloud
Downtrend: If the price is below the cloud
Neutral: If the price is in the cloud

Moreover, if the cloud and the price are moving in the same direction, there’s much more confidence in the trend that’s forming. In fact, it’s a trading signal.